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    • Front page and colophon
    • Table of Contents (PDF version only)
    • Foreword
    • Abbreviations
  • Chapter 1. Introduction (Page 17 – 23)
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Structure of the book
  • Part I. Centralisation
    • Chapter 2. CPBs in Scandinavia: Some perspectives on Denmark, Finland and Sweden (Page 27 – 44)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. CPBs in Scandinavia
        • 2.1. Structure and Activities of CPBs in Scandinavia
        • 2.2. Which types of agreements are being created?
      • 3. CPBs to promote sustainable procurement
      • 4. CPBs and digitalisation
      • 5. The future for centralisation in EU
    • Chapter 3. The effects of centralised public procurement on prices and competition in Finland (Page 45 – 75)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Literature review
      • 3. Institutional setting
      • 4. Data
      • 5. Method
      • 6. Results
      • 7. Conclusion
    • Chapter 4. The reflection of economic objectives in centralised procurement rules (Page 77 – 96)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Economic justifications for centralised public procurement
      • 3. Economic reflections on the design of centralised procurement rules
        • 3.1. Rules on centralised procurement
        • 3.2. Are the economics of centralised procurement promoted through EU public procurement rules?
        • 3.3. Are the economic challenges of centralised procurement depicted in the EU public procurement rules?
      • 4. Conclusion
    • Chapter 5. Centralising procurement in the EU: the case of the new Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) (Page 97 – 113)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The role of centralised procurement towards a European Health Union
      • 3. Challenges and opportunities in healthcare procurement during the preparedness phase: early insights from HERA
      • 4. HERA’s impact on improving EU health crisis response through supply chain coordination
      • 5. The future of health procurement through aggregation and digitalisation for better collaboration with the industry
    • Chapter 6. Joint cross-border procurement, between normative complexity and implementation difficulties (Page 115 – 130)
      • 1. Introduction. The need for the cooperative approach between Member States: the case of cross-border health events
      • 2. Two cooperative legal instruments: the joint procurement agreement and the joint cross-border procurement
      • 3. The regulation of joint cross-border procurement established by the 2014 Procurement Directive
        • 3.1. Joint cross-border procurement using a central purchasing body
        • 3.2. Joint cross-border procurement between contracting authorities
      • 4. The theoretical complexity of joint cross-border procurement and its implementation difficulties
      • 5. Concluding consideration: joint cross-border procurement between complexity, (in)efficiency of the rule, and the necessity to achieve the outcome
    • Chapter 7. Competitive landscape of parallel framework agreements (Page 131 – 150)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Parallel framework agreements
      • 3. Competition perspective
        • 3.1. Choice between parallel framework agreements – objective criteria
        • 3.2. Market characteristics
        • 3.3. Motivations for establishing parallel framework agreements
        • 3.4. Competition between contracting authorities
      • 4. Conclusion
    • Chapter 8. Central purchasing bodies between public procurement rules and State aid rules (Page 151 – 162)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Central purchasing bodies and the State aid rules
      • 3. What are the possible distortive effects when central purchasing bodies purchase from the market?
        • 3.1. Establishing market conformity in a public procurement context
        • 3.2. The private acquirer test
      • 4. Can centralised purchasing lead to State aid?
        • 4.1. Why purchasing price does not necessarily equal market price
        • 4.2. Advantage in the form of forced use of framework agreements
        • 4.3. The requirement for genuine needs
      • 5. Conclusion
  • Part II. Trends
    • Chapter 9. Ensuring transparency in the call-off award with the reopening of mini-competition (Page 165 – 185)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The aims of the principle of transparency
      • 3. Award of call-off contracts with the reopening of mini-competition
        • 3.1. Obligation of prior publication contract notice
        • 3.2. Calling for tenders in the mini-competition
        • 3.3. Determining the call-off award criteria
          • 3.3.1. The same award criteria as applied to the framework agreement?
          • 3.3.2. Applying award criteria other than those used to the framework agreement
      • 4. Peculiar features of the mixed call-off method
      • 5. Conclusion
    • Chapter 10. Dynamic purchasing systems (DPS) (Page 187 – 201)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. What is a DPS and what can it be used for?
        • 2.1. Commonly used purchases
      • 3. Establishing a DPS – the restricted procedure
      • 4. Categories of purchases and estimates
      • 5. Call-offs – mini-competition
        • 5.1. What can be changed in the call-off?
      • 6. CPBs and dynamic purchasing systems (DPS)
      • 7. Standstill
      • 8. Conclusion
    • Chapter 11. Are the flexible procedures promising too much by their name? (Page 203 – 224)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The choice of procedure – a more flexible approach?
      • 3. What do the flexible procedures offer that other procedures do not?
      • 4. Changing the tender material after contract notice is implied flexibility
      • 5. The discretion of the contracting authority is equal flexibility
      • 6. Flexibility – a concept with understandings and misunderstandings
    • Chapter 12. Central purchasing bodies, digital technologies, and competition (Page 225 – 258)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Big data insights and procurement centralisation
        • 2.1. eForms and limited open procurement data
        • 2.2. CPBs’ access to and sharing of closed procurement data
      • 3. Centralising and public digital capabilities
        • 3.1. Centralised digital skills
        • 3.2. Centralised digital solutions
          • 3.2.1. Recommender systems
          • 3.2.2. Chatbots
          • 3.2.3. Algorithmic screens (or red flags)
      • 4. Centralising and regulatory gatekeeping of public sector digitalisation
      • 5. Competition Implications
        • 5.1. »Standard« markets
        • 5.2. Digital markets
          • 5.2.1. Data markets
          • 5.2.2. Markets for the provision of (ancillary) data services
          • 5.2.3. Digital technology markets
      • 6. Conclusion
    • Chapter 13. The trade-off between preferences and prices in framework agreements: Exploring a simple model (Page 259 – 281)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. The issue of different preferences
      • 3. Legal perspectives on different preferences in centralised procurement
      • 4. Building a formal model
      • 5. Maximising value for money
        • 5.1. Contracting authority surplus under monopoly or Bertrand competition
        • 5.2. Contracting authority surplus with one or two products
        • 5.3. Less effective competition
      • 6. Discussion of results
        • 6.1. Results directly related to value for money
        • 6.2. Other considerations
      • 7. Limitations of the formal model
      • 8. Conclusion
    • Chapter 14. Modification of framework agreements and contracts based on a framework agreement: Interpretation of EU law and hints for a comparative law (Page 283 – 298)
      • 1. The legal nature of the framework agreement: contract or non-contract? And does it matter?
      • 2. The European legislation applicable to modifications of framework agreements during their term
        • 2.1. The application of Art. 72 to amendments of framework agreements
        • 2.2. The application of Art. 33 to amendments of framework agreements
      • 3. The European law – application to modifications of contracts based on a framework agreement
      • 4. Conclusion: The need to resort to a legal comparison between the Member States’ legal systems
    • Chapter 15. To exclude, or not to exclude economic operators: That is the question (Page 299 – 315)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Exclusion grounds in the 2014 Procurement Directive
      • 3. Sufficiently plausible indications
        • 3.1. Agreements that are aimed at distorting competition
          • 3.1.1. Agreements, decisions or concerned practice?
          • 3.1.2. Other economic operators
          • 3.1.3. Aimed at distorting competition
        • 3.2. Plausible indications
      • 4. The principle of equal treatment
      • 5. Self-cleaning
      • 6. Conclusion
    • Chapter 16. A menu of contracts: Using framework agreements to create flexibility of choice (Page 317 – 341)
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Economic intuition
      • 3. Flexibility, discretion, and the menu of contracts
      • 4. Menu of contracts in practice
        • 4.1. Menu of contracts in a multi-supplier framework agreement
          • 4.1.1. Direct award
          • 4.1.2. Mini-competition
          • 4.1.3. Partly direct award, partly re-opening of competition
        • 4.2. Combining procurement designs to create a menu of contracts
      • 5. Legality constraints on the menu of contracts
        • 5.1. Legitimate aim
        • 5.2. Appropriate means
        • 5.3. Necessary means
      • 6. Conclusion
  • Contributors

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Public procurement (1st Ed.)

Carina Risvig Hamer (red.) , Magdalena Socha (red.) og Kirsi-Maria Halonen (red.)

Cover til: Public procurement (1st Ed.)

1. udgave

10. april 2024

  • e-ISBN: 9788757459319
  • p-ISBN: 9788757454796
  • Antal sider: 347
  • Bogtype: Håndbog

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  • Udbudsret

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT – CENTRALISATION AND NEW TRENDS is part of the research project, Safeguarding competition and equal access to Central Purchasing Bodies’ agreements, known as the CPB Project and funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark. As part of the project, a conference was organised in 2023. The conference brought together academics and practitioners working with centralised procurement across Europe. This book contains contributions based on presentations given at the conference as well as some additional chapters within the area of centralisation and new trends in public procurement. The publication is edited by Carina Risvig Hamer, professor of administrative law and public procurement at the University of Copenhagen, Kirsi-Maria Halonen, professor of public economic law at the University of Lapland, and Magdalena Socha, PhD fellow in EU public procurement law at the University of Copenhagen.

  • Bøger
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    Cover af Public procurement
    Public procurement
  • / 1. udg. 2024

Public procurement (1st Ed.)

1. udgave - 10. april 2024

Carina Risvig Hamer (red.) , Magdalena Socha (red.) og Kirsi-Maria Halonen (red.)

Cover af Public procurement (1st Ed.)

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