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    Tema
      • Forside og kolofon
      • Preface
      • Overview and index (PDF version only)
    • Part 1. Introduction to the legal system
      • Chapter 1. The legal system and the sources of law (Page 25 – 35)
        • 1. Introduction
        • 2. The sources of law
          • 2.1. Legal substance
            • 2.1.1. Interpretation of the law
            • 2.1.2. Declaratory and mandatory legal provisions
            • 2.1.3. Conflicts of law, etc.
            • 2.1.4. Publication of legislation, etc.
          • 2.2. Administrative regulations
            • 2.2.1. Executive orders
            • 2.2.2. Circulars
            • 2.2.3. Guidelines
          • 2.3. Case law
          • 2.4. Custom
          • 2.5. Nature of the relationship
        • 3. The legal system
          • 3.1. Private law and public law
          • 3.2. Property rights
          • 3.3. Civil procedure, bailiff’s law, and probate law
        • 4. Legal capacity and capacity to act
          • 4.1. Legal capacity
          • 4.2. Capacity to act
      • Chapter 2. EU law (Page 37 – 58)
        • 1. The Treaty Basis
          • 1.1. History
          • 1.2. Treaty of Lisbon
        • 2. EU law
          • 2.1. General
          • 2.2. Specifically on the Treaty freedoms
            • 2.2.1. Free movement of goods
            • 2.2.2. Free movement of labour
            • 2.2.3. Right of establishment
            • 2.2.4. Freedom to provide services
            • 2.2.5. Capital and payments
        • 3. EU institutions
          • 3.1. The European Parliament
          • 3.2. Council of the European Union
          • 3.3. The European Council
          • 3.4. European Commission
          • 3.5. Court of Justice of the European Union
          • 3.6. The European Patent Court
          • 3.7. European Central Bank
          • 3.8. Court of Auditors
        • 4. The legal acts
          • 4.1. Regulations
          • 4.2. Directives
          • 4.3. Decisions
          • 4.4. Recommendations and opinions
        • 5. The legislative procedure in the EU
          • 5.1. Adoption of legal acts
            • 5.1.1. The general decision-making procedure
          • 5.2. Implementation at national level
          • 5.3. Publication of EU legal acts, etc.
      • Chapter 3. Overview of the administration of justice (Page 59 – 75)
        • 1. Introduction
        • 2. Civil and criminal justice
        • 3. Organisation and jurisdiction of the courts
          • 3.1. Ordinary and special courts. Appeals Board
            • 3.1.1. City courts
              • 3.1.1.1. Bailiff’s court
              • 3.1.1.2. Probate court
            • 3.1.2. High Courts
            • 3.1.3. Supreme Court
            • 3.1.4. Special courts
            • 3.1.5. Appeals Board
          • 3.2. Subject-matter jurisdiction of the courts (jurisdiction)
          • 3.3. Territorial jurisdiction of ordinary courts (protection of property)
            • 3.3.1. International competence
          • 3.4. Functional competence
            • 3.4.1. Appeal
            • 3.4.2. Retrial
        • 4. Parties to the proceedings. Basic procedural principles
          • 4.1. Subject of the complaint
          • 4.2. Adversarial principle
          • 4.3. Negotiation and disposition maxim
          • 4.4. Assessment of evidence
          • 4.5. Burden of proof
        • 5. Enforcement and recognition actions. Legal force
          • 5.1. Danish court decisions
            • 5.1.1. Case procedure in a debt collection case
          • 5.2. Foreign court decisions
        • 6. Settlement
        • 7. Arbitration
      • Chapter 4. Private international law (Page 77 – 86)
        • 1. Introduction
        • 2. Sources of law
        • 3. The conflict of law rules
          • 3.1. Function and division
          • 3.2. Freedom of contract and limitations therein
          • 3.3. The individualized method
          • 3.4. Uniform assessment
    • Part 2. Contracts and Tort
      • Chapter 5. Contracts (Page 89 – 131)
        • 1. Introduction
          • 1.1. Historical development
          • 1.2. The Danish Contracts Act – the most central concepts
        • 2. Mutually imposing contract vs. gift contracts
        • 3. Danish law does not normally set formal requirements for contracts
        • 4. Conclusion of contracts – offer and acceptance
          • 4.1. Offers
            • 4.1.1. Promise
            • 4.1.2. Conditions of a promise
              • 4.1.2.1. The promisor must impose a burden
              • 4.1.2.2. The declaration must express a decision
              • 4.1.2.3. Addressee
              • 4.1.2.4. Submission
              • 4.1.2.5. The declaration must have come to the attention of the recipient
          • 4.2. Acceptance
            • 4.2.1. Acceptance deadline
              • 4.2.1.1. Section 2 of the Danish Contracts Act
              • 4.2.1.2. Section 3 of the Danish Contracts Act
              • 4.2.1.3. Rejection of offer
            • 4.2.2. Delayed acceptance
            • 4.2.3. Non-conforming acceptance
            • 4.2.4. Designation of the co-contractor
            • 4.2.5. Complaints
            • 4.2.6. Waiver of acceptance
        • 5. Formation of contracts in other ways
          • 5.1. Adoption of standard contracts
          • 5.2. Special contract procedures
          • 5.3. Quasi-contracts
          • 5.4. Obligation resulting from inaction
        • 6. Interpretation and fulfillment of contracts
          • 6.1. Introduction
          • 6.2. Interpretation
            • 6.2.1. Interpretation points
            • 6.2.2. Interpretation rules
            • 6.2.3. Interpretation of standard contracts
          • 6.3. Gap-filling
          • 6.4. Contract and interpretation regarding gap-filling-evidentiary
        • 7. Invalidity of promises
          • 7.1. Introduction and definition
          • 7.2. Strong and weak grounds for invalidity
          • 7.3. Positive legal provisions on invalidity
            • 7.3.1. Minor
              • 7.3.1.1. Lack of legal capacity generally results in invalidity.
              • 7.3.1.2. Exceptions to the general rule
              • 7.3.1.3. Legal effects of invalidity due to incapacity
            • 7.3.2. Mental illness, etc.
            • 7.3.3. Counterfeit and counterfeiting
            • 7.3.4. Duress
              • 7.3.4.1. Violent compulsive duress and mechanical duress
              • 7.3.4.2. Other duress
            • 7.3.5. Fraud
            • 7.3.6. Exploitation
            • 7.3.7. Discrepancy between will and declaration
              • 7.3.7.1. Section 32, subsection 1
              • 7.3.7.2. Section 32, subsection 2
              • 7.3.7.3. Reservatio mentalis
              • 7.3.7.4. Pro forma contracts
            • 7.3.8. AFTL § 33 – the rule of “general honesty”
            • 7.3.9. Contracts Act § 36 – the general clause
            • 7.3.10. Content deficiencies
              • 7.3.10.1. Promises that are contrary to decency
              • 7.3.10.2. Promises that are against the law
              • 7.3.10.3. Employment clauses
              • 7.3.10.4. Violation of standard terms
          • 7.4. Other situations in which a promise is (possibly) not binding
            • 7.4.1. Supplement to the rule in Contract Act § 30
            • 7.4.2. Supplement to the rule in the Contracts Act § 33
            • 7.4.3. Failed assumptions
          • 7.5. Consumer Contracts Act
          • 7.6. Legal effects of invalidity
            • 7.6.1. Inter partes
            • 7.6.2. To the creditors of the pledgee
            • 7.6.3. To the promisee’s business acquirers
        • 8. Third-party promises
      • Chapter 6. Agency law (Page 133 – 151)
        • 1. Introduction
        • 2. Messengers
        • 3. Power of attorney
          • 3.1. Types of powers of attorney – power of attorney with and without special existence
          • 3.2. Power of attorney without special existence
          • 3.3. Power of attorney with special existence
          • 3.4. Authorization vs. power of attorney
          • 3.5. The legal relationship between the principal and the third party
            • 3.5.1. Power of attorney invalid
            • 3.5.2. Death or bankruptcy of the principal
            • 3.5.3. The agent exceeds his/her authorization/power of attorney
            • 3.5.4. The agent’s promise to a third party is invalid
            • 3.5.5. Power of attorney revoked
          • 3.6. The legal relationship between the agent and the third party
          • 3.7. The legal relationship between the principal and the agent
        • 4. Future powers of attorney
          • 4.1. Establishment of a future power of attorney
          • 4.2. Implementation of the power of attorney
          • 4.3. Legal effect, supervision, and termination of the power of attorney
        • 5. Commission agents
          • 5.1. Legal position vis-à-vis third parties
            • 5.1.1. Obligation to third parties
            • 5.1.2. Ownership of the goods held by the commission agent
            • 5.1.3. Ownership of the claim against a third party
            • 5.1.4. Ownership of money paid by third parties
            • 5.1.5. The commission agent’s resale of the principal’s goods
          • 5.2. The legal relationship between the principal and the commission agent
        • 6. Commercial agents
          • 6.1. Introduction
          • 6.2. Does a commercial agent have a power of attorney?
          • 6.3. The parties’ duty of loyalty
          • 6.4. The commercial agent’s right to commission
          • 6.5. Non-competition clauses
          • 6.6. Termination of the agency contract
          • 6.7. To what extent may the rules of the Commercial Agents Act be deviated from?
          • 6.8. The legal relationship between the commercial agent and a third party
        • 7. Sales travelers
        • 8. Brokers
        • 9. Unrequested business management (negotiorum gestio)
      • Chapter 7. Tort Law (Page 153 – 173)
        • 1. Introduction and delimitation
        • 2. Function of tort law
        • 3. Compensation and insurance
        • 4. Basis of responsibility
          • 4.1. Liability for negligence
          • 4.2. Responsibility in employment relationships
            • 4.2.1. Employer’s responsibility
            • 4.2.2. Employee responsibilities
          • 4.3. Strict liability
            • 4.3.1. Statutory strict liability
            • 4.3.2. Special attention to liability for motor vehicles
            • 4.3.3. Strict liability without legal basis
          • 4.4. Presumption of liability
          • 4.5. Liability of children and the insane
          • 4.6. Objective grounds for exemption from liability
            • 4.6.1. Right of self-defense
            • 4.6.2. Acts of necessity
            • 4.6.3. Consent
            • 4.6.4. Unrequested business management
        • 5. The injured party must have suffered a loss.
          • 5.1. Not all losses are compensated (in full)
          • 5.2. Indirect losses
          • 5.3. The injured party’s duty to limit losses
          • 5.4. Are the injured party’s claims affected by the third party’s performance?
        • 6. Causation and foreseeability
        • 7. Injured party’s participation
        • 8. Multiple tortfeasors
      • Chapter 8. Product liability (Page 175 – 183)
        • 1. Introduction
        • 2. Regulatory basis
        • 3. Product liability as developed by case-law
          • 3.1. Product
          • 3.2. Defect
          • 3.3. Product damage
          • 3.4. Liability basis
          • 3.5. Limitation
        • 4. Product Liability Act
          • 4.1. Product
          • 4.2. Defect
          • 4.3. Product damage
          • 4.4. Liability
            • 4.4.1. Liability for producers
            • 4.4.2. Responsibility of intermediaries
            • 4.4.3. Multiple parties liable for damages and recourse
            • 4.4.4. Contributory and comparative negligence
          • 4.5. Limitation
    • Part 3. Sales and transport contracts
      • Chapter 9. Sales (Page 187 – 252)
        • 1. Introduction. The concept of purchase
        • 2. The Danish Sale of Goods Act
          • 2.1. Nature of the law and exemptions
          • 2.2. Scope of application of the law
          • 2.3. Different types of sales agreements
            • 2.3.1. Species and genus sales
            • 2.3.2. Commercial sales and civil sales
            • 2.3.3. Consumer sales rules
        • 3. Exchange of the parties’ obligations
          • 3.1. Time for performance of the parties’ obligations
          • 3.2. The concept of delivery
          • 3.3. Place of delivery
            • 3.3.1. The buyer’s performance (the sales price)
            • 3.3.2. Seller’s performance (the item of sale)
              • 3.3.2.1. “Pick-up sale”
              • 3.3.2.2. “Delivery sales”
              • 3.3.2.3. “Shipment sales”
              • 3.3.2.4. Consumer sales
          • 3.4. Performance against performance
            • 3.4.1. The general rule (SGA § 14)
            • 3.4.2. Shipment sales (SGA §§ 15, 16 and 71)
              • 3.4.2.1. Payment against delivery of the goods themselves
              • 3.4.2.2. Payment against documents
          • 3.5. The risk of accidental loss and deterioration of the item being sold
            • 3.5.1. The concept of risk
            • 3.5.2. More about the risk rules
              • 3.5.2.1. The main rule in SGA section 17, subsection 1.
              • 3.5.2.2. Exceptions to the rule that the time of delivery is decisive
        • 4. Seller’s performance
          • 4.1. Introduction
          • 4.2. The scope of the seller’s obligations – main obligations and ancillary obligations
            • 4.2.1. Yield of the object of sale (SGA §§ 18‑20)
            • 4.2.2. Leeway for margin sales (SGA § 66)
          • 4.3. Delay
            • 4.3.1. The right to require specific performance (performance in kind)
            • 4.3.2. Right to terminate the sale
            • 4.3.3. The right to claim damages
              • 4.3.3.1. The seller’s liability for selling species goods
              • 4.3.3.2. Liability of the seller of generic goods
              • 4.3.3.3. Scope of compensation
              • 4.3.3.4. Buyer’s obligation to complain
          • 4.4. Defects
            • 4.4.1. Introduction
            • 4.4.2. More about the concept of defects
            • 4.4.2.1. Not all errors are defects
              • 4.4.2.2. The assessment of defects
              • 4.4.2.3. The decisive moment
            • 4.4.3. Remedies in case of defects
              • 4.4.3.1. Proportionate or appropriate price reduction
              • 4.4.3.2. The right to terminate the contract
              • 4.4.3.3. Right to demand defect-free performance (replacement, subsequent delivery and remedy/repair)
              • 4.4.3.4. Buyer’s right to compensation
            • 4.4.4. Expiration of the rights to remedy defects
              • 4.4.4.1. Remedying the deficiency
              • 4.4.4.2. Complaints rules (SGA §§ 51‑54 and 81-85)
              • 4.4.4.3. Other matters
          • 4.5. Legal defects
            • 4.5.1. Unlawful possession
            • 4.5.2. Lack of right of disposal
        • 5. Buyer’s performance
          • 5.1. Scope of the buyer’s performance
            • 5.1.1. The actual purchase price
            • 5.1.2. Special rule for trade purchases
            • 5.1.3. Costs, etc.
            • 5.1.4. Other rules on pricing the seller’s service
          • 5.2. Default by the buyer
            • 5.2.1. The concept of delay
            • 5.2.2. Seller’s remedies
              • 5.2.2.1. Seller’s right to maintain the purchase
              • 5.2.2.2. Seller’s right to terminate the contract
              • 5.2.2.3. Seller’s right to compensation
              • 5.2.2.4. Seller’s obligation to make complaints
        • 6. Mora creditoris. Termination of contracts, etc. General complaint rules
          • 6.1. Mora creditoris
            • 6.1.1. Seller’s mora creditoris
            • 6.1.2. Buyer’s mora creditoris
            • 6.1.3. The legal effects of the buyer’s mora creditoris
              • 6.1.3.1. The duty of care and its limitations
              • 6.1.3.2. Obligation to sell
              • 6.1.3.3. Details on the seller’s remedies
          • 6.2. Cancellation of purchases, etc.
            • 6.2.1. General rules on rejection of the item for sale
              • 6.2.1.1. Buyer’s duty of care
              • 6.2.1.2. Return of the item to the seller
            • 6.2.2. The dependence between the obligations is maintained for as long as possible
            • 6.2.3. Calculation of compensation
          • 6.3. General complaint rules
        • 7. Buyer protection
          • 7.1. Buyer’s legal protection
            • 7.1.1. Introduction
            • 7.1.2. Specific sale (species): from the time of the agreement
            • 7.1.3. Genus sales: by binding individualization
            • 7.1.4. Special information about the sale of goods to be manufactured, etc.
            • 7.1.5. Special information on transfer of collateral
          • 7.2. Turnover protection (“omsætningsbeskyttelse”). Extinction/vindication issues
            • 7.2.1. Introduction
            • 7.2.2. For whose benefit may extinction occur?
            • 7.2.3. The different cases of conflict
              • 7.2.3.1. Theft
              • 7.2.3.2. Illegal handling of lost property, etc.
              • 7.2.3.3. Different cases of trust
              • 7.2.3.4. Seller’s (A’s) protection in the event of a retention of title buyer’s (B’s) resale
              • 7.2.3.5. The transferor’s (B’s) access is invalid or ineffective
              • 7.2.3.6. “Case of legitimation”
              • 7.2.3.7. The first beneficiary (A) derives his right from the transferor (B)
            • 7.2.4. General views and rules
        • 8. Seller Protection
          • 8.1. Buyer’s inability to pay
            • 8.1.1. Introduction
            • 8.1.2. Seller’s right to stop (SGA §§ 39 and 40)
              • 8.1.2.1. The right to retain the item of sale
              • 8.1.2.2. The right to stop shipped goods
              • 8.1.2.3. The right to terminate the contract
              • 8.1.2.4. Prevention of the seller’s right to stop
            • 8.1.3. Seller’s right of termination
      • Chapter 10. International sales (Page 253 – 296)
        • 1. Introduction
        • 2. Scope of application of the Convention, etc.
        • 3. Conclusion of the contract
          • 3.1. Proposal or offer – CISG art. 14
          • 3.2. Offers
        • 4. CISG Part III – Sale of movable property
          • 4.1. General provisions
          • 4.2. Seller’s obligations
            • 4.2.1. Delivery of the goods and handover of documents
            • 4.2.2. Conformity of the goods to the contract (defects) and third-party claims
              • 4.2.2.1. Actual defects
              • 4.2.2.2. The buyer’s duty to examine. Complaints deadlines, etc.
              • 4.2.2.3. Legal defects
              • 4.2.2.4. Intellectual property rights
          • 4.3. Buyer’s remedies in the event of seller’s breach of contract
            • 4.3.1. The right to maintain the contract
            • 4.3.2. The right to terminate (“avoid”) the contract
            • 4.3.3. The right to claim compensation
          • 4.4. Buyer’s obligations
            • 4.4.1. Payment of the purchase price
            • 4.4.2. Receipt of the goods
          • 4.5. Seller’s remedies in the event of buyer’s breach
            • 4.5.1. The right to maintain the contract
            • 4.5.2. The right to terminate (“avoid”) the contract
          • 4.6. Passing of risk
          • 4.7. Rules common to the seller’s and buyer’s obligations
            • 4.7.1. Anticipatory breach and purchases in which the goods are to be delivered over time
            • 4.7.2. Compensation
            • 4.7.3. Interest
            • 4.7.4. Exemption from liability
            • 4.7.5. Effects of termination of the contract
            • 4.7.6. Seller’s and buyer’s duty of care
          • 4.8. Insurance of goods in international purchases
            • 4.8.1. Choice of insurance type
            • 4.8.2. Insurance conditions
        • 5. Transport law
          • 5.1. Sources of law
          • 5.2. The transport documents
            • 5.2.1. Different types of documents
            • 5.2.2. Effects of shipping documents
            • 5.2.3. Responsibility for description
        • 6. Conflict of law rules in international sales
          • 6.1. Which regulation applies?
          • 6.2. Scope of application of the Movable Property Sales Act
            • 6.2.1. Which contracts?
            • 6.2.2. What legal issues?
            • 6.2.3. Party autonomy
            • 6.2.4. The declaratory conflict of law rules
            • 6.2.5. Rules for buyer’s examination of the goods
    • Part 4. Regulation and professional practice
      • Chapter 11. Introduction – Connections and differences (Page 299 – 305)
      • Chapter 12. Intellectual property law (Page 307 – 328)
        • 1. Copyright
          • 1.1. The law
          • 1.2. Which works are protected?
          • 1.3. The establishment and subject of copyright
          • 1.4. Copyright content – adaptation
          • 1.5. Copyright restrictions
            • 1.5.1. The rationale
            • 1.5.2. Private copying
            • 1.5.3. The right to quote
            • 1.5.4. Other restrictions
          • 1.6. Transfer of copyright to others
          • 1.7. Termination of copyright
          • 1.8. “Other rights”
          • 1.9. Law enforcement
        • 2. Patents and utility models
          • 2.1. The law
          • 2.2. The patentable invention
          • 2.3. The establishment of the patent court
            • 2.3.1. The priority principle
            • 2.3.2. The patent application and its processing
          • 2.4. The owner of the patent right
          • 2.5. Content of patent law
            • 2.5.1. The exclusive right and its limitation
            • 2.5.2. The protection area
          • 2.6. Transfer of patent rights to others
          • 2.7. Termination of patent rights
          • 2.8. Law enforcement
          • 2.9. Utility models
        • 3. Design
        • 4. Trademark law
          • 4.1. The legislation
          • 4.2. The concept of characteristics – divisions
          • 4.3. Establishment of trademark law
            • 4.3.1. The methods of establishment
            • 4.3.2. Conditions for the foundation
            • 4.3.3. The registration of characteristics
          • 4.4. Owner of the right
          • 4.5. Content of the court
            • 4.5.1. Exclusive right
            • 4.5.2. The scope of protection – the criterion of confusion
          • 4.6. Transfer of the right to others
          • 4.7. Termination of the right
          • 4.8. Legal protection
      • Chapter 13. Marketing law (Page 329 – 339)
        • 1. Competition regulation and consumer protection
          • 1.1. General clauses
          • 1.2. Counterfeiting protection – protection of the commercial status
        • 2. The special provisions
          • 2.1. Misleading statements and duty to disclose
          • 2.2. Special forms of marketing
          • 2.3. Guarantees
        • 3. Contract regulation – the interaction with other private law
        • 4. Law enforcement
      • Chapter 14. Competition law (Page 341 – 350)
        • 1. General orientation
        • 2. Purpose and scope of the Competition Act
          • 2.1. Prohibition of certain anti-competitive agreements
          • 2.2. Abuse of dominant position
          • 2.3. Merger control
          • 2.4. Competition authorities
          • 2.5. Sanctions
          • 2.6. EU competition rules

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    Danish Private Law (1. udg.)

    Af Tanja Jørgensen , Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose , Hans Henrik Edlund , Annette Kronborg og Kristina Siig

    René Franz Henschel (red.)

    Cover til: Danish Private Law (1. udg.)

    1. udgave

    19. februar 2026

    • e-ISBN: 9788757469080
    • p-ISBN: 9788757469073
    • Antal sider: 350
    • Bogtype: Lærebog

    Emner

    • Arveret,
    • Familieret,
    • Insolvensret,
    • Obligationsret

    Danish Private Law is an abridged English-language edition of the classic textbook Dansk privatret (23rd edition, published in 2024).

    This English edition has been prepared primarily as a teaching resource for English-language courses in business law at universities and other institutions of higher education.

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      Cover af Danish Private Law
      Danish Private Law
    • / 1. udg. 2026

    Danish Private Law (1. udg.)

    1. udgave - 19. februar 2026

    Af Tanja Jørgensen , Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose , Hans Henrik Edlund , Annette Kronborg og Kristina Siig

    René Franz Henschel (red.)

    Cover af Danish Private Law (1. udg.)

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