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    • Forside og kolofon
    • Preface
  • Chapter 1. Introduction
    • 1. Business law as a branch of law
    • 2. The concept of legal rule
      • 2.1. General substantive content
      • 2.2. The legal system
    • 3. Various types of legal rule
      • 3.1. Introduction
      • 3.2. Obligation rules and competence rules
      • 3.3. Written and unwritten law
      • 3.4. The hierarchy of rules
      • 3.5. Non-mandatory and mandatory rules
      • 3.6. Precise and imprecise rules
    • 4. Sources of law and law source factors
    • 5. The legal decision
  • Chapter 2. National source of law factors
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Constitution
    • 3. Legislation
      • 3.1. The statutory process and the importance of legislation as a source of law
      • 3.2. Reference places
      • 3.3. Travaux preparatoires
    • 4. Ministerial orders and other statutory instruments
      • 4.1. Origin and importance as a source of law
      • 4.2. Reference places
    • 5. Case law
      • 5.1. Origin and importance as a source of law
      • 5.2. Reference places
    • 6. Other forms of ‘unwritten’ practice
      • 6.1. Legal customs and usage
      • 6.2. Codes and practices of specific lines of trade etc.
      • 6.3. Administrative practice
      • 6.4. Practice from private dispute resolution boards
      • 6.5. Ombudsman’s practice
    • 7. The circumstances of the case
      • 7.1. General on the concept of circumstances of the case
      • 7.2. The possible importance of law and economics
    • 8. Legislative interpretation
      • 8.1. The need to interpret legislation and the basis of interpretation
      • 8.2. Aids to interpretation
        • 8.2.1. Introduction
        • 8.2.2. Linguistic analysis
        • 8.2.3. The importance of travaux preparatoires
        • 8.2.4. The object of a legislative measure
      • 8.3. When statutory provisions are contradictory
      • 8.4. Various types of interpretation results
        • 8.4.1. Introduction
        • 8.4.2. Narrow interpretation
        • 8.4.3. Wide interpretation
        • 8.4.4. Contrary inference
  • Chapter 3. EU law and other international source of law factors
    • 1. The EU law. Nature of legal basis
    • 2. Some fundamental EU law principles
    • 3. The central EU institutions and their competence
      • 3.1. The Community institutions: General
      • 3.2. The European Council
      • 3.3. The Council of the European Union
      • 3.4. The European Commission
      • 3.5. The European Parliament
      • 3.6. The European Court of Justice
    • 4. EU law as a source of law factor
      • 4.1. Introduction
      • 4.2. Written sources
        • 4.2.1. The Treaties
        • 4.2.2. Regulations
        • 4.2.3. Directives
        • 4.2.4. Decisions
        • 4.2.5. Recommendations and opinions
        • 4.2.6. Other types
        • 4.2.7. The hierarchy of rules. The language
      • 4.3. Unwritten sources
        • 4.3.1. Decisions by the European Court of Justice
        • 4.3.2. Other unwritten source of law factors
      • 4.4. Interpretation of EU law
      • 4.5. Reference places for EU law
      • 4.6. The supremacy of Community law and direct effect
        • 4.6.1. The concepts of ‘direct applicability’ and ‘direct effect’
        • 4.6.2. Which EU rules are directly applicable?
        • 4.6.3. Which parts of Community law have direct effects?
        • 4.6.4. Supremacy of EU law
        • 4.6.5. The duty to apply EU interpretational practice to national law interpretation
    • 5. Co-operation outside the EU scope
    • 6. Other international source of law factors
      • 6.1. Introduction
      • 6.2. Ordinary public international law
        • 6.2.1. Subject-matter and nature of ordinary public international law
        • 6.2.2. The incorporation of public international rules in Danish law
        • 6.2.3. Source of law importance of non-incorporated public international law
        • 6.2.4. Other conflicts between public international law and national law
        • 6.2.5. Interpretation of rules of a public international law background
      • 6.3. International customs
      • 6.4. Other international materials
        • 6.4.1. Foreign court decisions
        • 6.4.2. Nordic legislative co-operation
      • 6.5. Reference places for international source of law factors
  • Chapter 4. Survey of the Danish court system
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Organisation of the courts
    • 3. Procedure in civil cases
      • 3.1. Parties and their claims
      • 3.2. Procedural principles
      • 3.3. The question of venue
      • 3.4. Procedural steps in first instance cases
    • 4. Appeals
    • 5. Legal assistance and free legal aid
    • 6. Arbitration
    • 7. Complaints boards’ hearings of consumer cases
  • Chapter 5. The law of non-contractual damages
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Non-contractual damages
      • 2.1. The basis of liability
        • 2.1.1. Fault liability (culpa liability)
        • 2.1.2. Vicarious liability
        • 2.1.3. Strict liability
        • 2.1.4. Presumption of negligence
        • 2.1.5. Children’s liability and mentally disordered persons’ liability
        • 2.1.6. General justification defence
      • 2.2. The injured party’s loss
        • 2.2.1. Which losses will be recovered?
        • 2.2.2. Limitation of plaintiff group
        • 2.2.3. May the injured party recover both from the insurance company and from the tortfeasor?
      • 2.3. Contributory negligence
      • 2.4. Joint tortfeasors
    • 3. Product liability
      • 3.1. The product liability developed in case law
      • 3.2. The Products Liability Act
        • 3.2.1. The concept of ‘damage’
        • 3.2.2. The concept of ‘product’
        • 3.2.3. The concepts of ‘producer’ and ‘intermediary’
        • 3.2.4. The concept of ‘defect’
        • 3.2.5. The liability
          • 3.2.5.1. Producer’s liability
          • 3.2.5.2. Intermediaries’ liability
        • 3.2.6. Joint liability and recourse
        • 3.2.7. Limitation
        • 3.2.8. Choice of law
  • Chapter 6. Insurance
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. What is insurance?
    • 3. Various types of insurance – terminology of the Insurance Contracts Act
    • 4. The contract of insurance
    • 5. The duties of the parties
      • 5.1. The duties of the insurer
      • 5.2. The duties of the insured and of the beneficiary
        • 5.2.1. The duty to pay premiums
        • 5.2.2. The duty of disclosure at the taking out of insurance
        • 5.2.3. Duty to disclose increased risks
        • 5.2.4. The duty to observe safety regulations
        • 5.2.5. The duty to refrain from causing the occurrence of the insured event
        • 5.2.6. The duty to mitigate the loss/avert the damage
        • 5.2.7. The duty to notify the insured event
    • 6. The insurance compensation
      • 6.1. The amount of the insurance compensation
        • 6.1.1. Total loss
        • 6.1.2. Partial loss
      • 6.2. Overinsurance
      • 6.3. Underinsurance
      • 6.4. Double insurance
      • 6.5. Deductible
    • 7. Special rules in respect of life assurance and accident insurance
    • 8. Choice of law issues
  • Chapter 7. Formation of contract
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Further to the conclusion of the contract
      • 2.1. The model of the Contracts Act for formation of contract
        • 2.1.1. Offer
        • 2.1.2. Acceptance
          • 2.1.2.1. What is an acceptance?
          • 2.1.2.2. The period for acceptance
          • 2.1.2.3. Delayed acceptance
          • 2.1.2.4. Rejection of offer
          • 2.1.2.5. Non-conforming acceptance
          • 2.1.2.6. Who is contract partner?
      • 2.2. Formation of contract patterns other than that of the Contracts Act
        • 2.2.1. Standard contracts – the adoption problem
        • 2.2.2. Quasi contract
        • 2.2.3. Will a party be bound by passivity?
        • 2.2.4. EDI
      • 2.3. Formation of contract on an international level
        • 2.3.1. Introduction
        • 2.3.2. Dispute resolution through conventions
        • 2.3.3. Solutions via choice of law
      • 2.4. The right to withdraw in valid contracts
    • 3. Interpretation and gap-filling in contract
      • 3.1. Interpretation
        • 3.1.1. Interpretation elements
        • 3.1.2. Principles of interpretation
      • 3.2. ‘Gap-filling’
    • 4. Invalidity of contract (promises)
      • 4.1. Introduction
      • 4.2. ‘Operative’ and ‘non-operative’ invalidating factors
      • 4.3. Forgery and fraud
      • 4.4. Incapacity
      • 4.5. Mental incapacity etc. – unsoundness of mind
      • 4.6. Duress
        • 4.6.1. Duress with physical or threatened physical violence and mechanical duress
        • 4.6.2. Other constraint
      • 4.7. Fraud
      • 4.8. Undue influence
      • 4.9. Disagreement between the will of promisor and the declaration given
        • 4.9.1. The rule in s. 32(1) of the Contracts Act
        • 4.9.2. The rule in s. 32(2) of the Contracts Act
        • 4.9.3. ‘Pro forma’ promises – s. 34 of the Contracts Act
      • 4.10. Breach of basic assumptions – the general clause in s. 36 of the Contracts Act
        • 4.10.1. S. 33 of the Contracts Act
        • 4.10.2. S. 36 of the Contracts Act – the general clause of contract law
        • 4.10.3. The presumption principle
      • 4.11. Invalidity for contract contents – the setting aside of standard terms in particular
      • 4.12. Competition clauses
      • 4.13. Legal effects of the invalidity
      • 4.14. The Consumer Contracts Act
        • 4.14.1. Scope of the Act
        • 4.14.2. Ban against door-to-door selling
        • 4.14.3. Duty of disclosure in relation to distance selling etc.
        • 4.14.4. Right of cancellation
        • 4.14.5. Other provisions under the Consumer Contracts Act
        • 4.14.6. Withdrawal rules outside the Consumer Contracts Act
    • 5. Third party promises
    • 6. Formation of contracts via agents
      • 6.1. Introduction
      • 6.2. Agency – general
        • 6.2.1. Agency without special identification
        • 6.2.2. Agency of special identification
        • 6.2.3. The agent’s scope of authority
          • 6.2.3.1. Agency without special identification
          • 6.2.3.2. Agency of special identification
        • 6.2.4. Revocation of authority
        • 6.2.5. The legal relationship between agent and third party
        • 6.2.6. The legal relationship between principal and agent
      • 6.3. Commission
        • 6.3.1. The legal position towards third parties
          • 6.3.1.1. Who becomes liable towards third parties?
          • 6.3.1.2. The property in goods in the commission agent’s possession
          • 6.3.1.3. The property in the claim against the third party
          • 6.3.1.4. The property in the money paid by the third party
          • 6.3.1.5. The commission agent’s unauthorized resale of the principal’s goods
        • 6.3.2. The legal relationship between the principal and the commission agent
      • 6.4. Commercial agents
        • 6.4.1. Introduction
        • 6.4.2. Will a commercial agent have authority?
        • 6.4.3. The parties’ duty of fidelity
        • 6.4.4. The commercial agent’s right to commission
        • 6.4.5. Competition clauses
        • 6.4.6. Termination of the agency contract
        • 6.4.7. How far may the rules of the Commercial Agents Act be deviated from?
        • 6.4.8. The legal relationship between the commercial agent and the third party
      • 6.5. Commercial travellers
      • 6.6. Other intermediaries
  • Chapter 8. Sale of goods
    • 1. Introduction
      • 1.1. The rules on sale
      • 1.2. The Sale of Goods Act
        • 1.2.1. Non-mandatory and mandatory rules
        • 1.2.2. Sale of specific goods and generic goods
        • 1.2.3. Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced
        • 1.2.4. Commercial sale and other sale
    • 2. Duties of the parties
      • 2.1. Duties of the seller (delivery)
        • 2.1.1. Place of delivery
        • 2.1.2. Transport terms
        • 2.1.3. Time of delivery
        • 2.1.4. The seller’s performance
        • 2.1.5. Passing of risk
      • 2.2. Duties of the buyer
      • 2.3. Temporal context between the duties of the parties
        • 2.3.1. Cash sales
        • 2.3.2. Special note on documentary credits
    • 3. Seller’s breach
      • 3.1. Delay
        • 3.1.1. Affirming the contract
        • 3.1.2. Avoiding the contract of sale
        • 3.1.3. The remedy of damages
        • 3.1.4. The buyer’s duty to give notice
      • 3.2. Defects
        • 3.2.1. Proportionate price reduction
        • 3.2.2. The remedy of avoiding the sale
        • 3.2.3. The right to claim non-defective performance
        • 3.2.4. The right to claim damages
        • 3.2.5. The seller’s right to remedy a defect
        • 3.2.6. Notice requirements
      • 3.3. Defective title
    • 4. Buyer’s breach
      • 4.1. Delay
        • 4.1.1. The remedy of affirming the sale
        • 4.1.2. The remedy of cancelling the contract of sale
        • 4.1.3. The right to claim damages
      • 4.2. Buyer’s inability to pay
        • 4.2.1. Right of stoppage
        • 4.2.2. Anticipatory stoppage
        • 4.2.3. Retaining possession
        • 4.2.4. Notice requirements
    • 5. Claimant’s default
      • 5.1. Claimant’s default by seller
      • 5.2. Claimant’s default by buyer
    • 6. Special note on avoidance
    • 7. The passing of property
      • 7.1. The relationship between the buyer and the seller’s creditors
      • 7.2. The relationship between the seller and the buyer’s creditors
        • 7.2.1. Cash sales
        • 7.2.2. Sales with reservation of title
        • 7.2.3. Consignment
    • 8. Restitution in sale of goods
      • 8.1. Where possession is not based on contract
        • 8.1.1. Theft
        • 8.1.2. Lost property
      • 8.2. Where possession is based on a void or voidable contract relationship
        • 8.2.1. Operative invalidating factors
        • 8.2.2. Non-operative invalidating factors
        • 8.2.3. Agency
        • 8.2.4. Invalidation in bankruptcy
      • 8.3. Where possession is based on a valid contract with conditional or unconditional duty to return
        • 8.3.1. Bailment
        • 8.3.2. Pledge
        • 8.3.3. Commission
        • 8.3.4. Reservation of title
        • 8.3.5. Cash sales
      • 8.4. Double transfer
  • Chapter 9. International sales
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Scope etc. of the Convention
    • 3. Part II of the CISG Convention: Formation of the contract
      • 3.1. Proposal or offer – Art. 14 of the CISG Convention
      • 3.2. When is an offer binding?
      • 3.3. Rejection and acceptance
    • 4. Part III of the CISG Convention: Sale of Goods
      • 4.1. General provisions
      • 4.2. The seller’s obligations
        • 4.2.1. Delivery of the goods and handing over of documents
        • 4.2.2. Defects and third party claims
    • 5. The buyer’s remedies in the event of the seller’s breach of contract
      • 5.1. The right to claim specific performance
      • 5.2. The right to avoid the contract of sale
      • 5.3. The right to claim damages
    • 6. Obligations of the buyer
      • 6.1. Payment of the purchase price
      • 6.2. Taking delivery
    • 7. The seller’s remedies for breach of contract by the buyer
      • 7.1. The right to affirm the contract
      • 7.2. The right to avoid the contract
    • 8. Passing of risk
    • 9. Common rules on the seller’s and the buyer’s obligations
      • 9.1. Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts
      • 9.2. The right to claim damages
      • 9.3. Interest
      • 9.4. Exemption from liability
      • 9.5. Effects of avoidance of the contract
      • 9.6. The preservation duty of the parties
    • 10. Documentary credit
      • 10.1. The concept
      • 10.2. Various types of documentary credit
        • 10.2.1. Revocable v. irrevocable credits
        • 10.2.2. Confirmed v. unconfirmed credits
        • 10.2.3. Payment documentary credit v. negotiation credit
        • 10.2.4. Sight v. long-term credits
      • 10.3. The credit documents
    • 11. Export credit schemes
    • 12. Incoterms
      • 12.1. Introduction
      • 12.2. The structure of Incoterms
        • 11.2.1. The E term
        • 12.2.2. F terms
        • 12.2.3. C terms
        • 12.2.4. D terms
    • 13. The carrier’s liability
    • 14. Insurance of goods in international trade
      • 14.1. Choice of insurance form
      • 14.2. Insurance terms
  • Chapter 10. Credit agreements
    • 1. The Credit Agreements Act
      • 1.1. Validity of the reservation of title
      • 1.2. Satisfaction of the creditor
      • 1.3. Requirements for recovery
      • 1.4. Computation of the claim
      • 1.5. Valuation of the goods sold
      • 1.6. The consumer’s redemption and exemption rights
      • 1.7. Recovery proceedings
      • 1.8. Recovery without an order of the enforcement court
    • 2. Commercial sales
      • 2.1. Common rules: S. 49 of the Credit Agreements Act
      • 2.2. Special note on reservation of title
      • 2.3. Special note on s. 2 of the Credit Agreements Act and credit consignment
  • Chapter 11. Intellectual property rights
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Copyrightcopying
      • 2.1. What qualifies for protection?
      • 2.2. Creation
      • 2.3. Who qualifies for protection?
      • 2.4. Copyright powers
        • 2.4.1. General substance of the copyright
        • 2.4.2. Exhaustion of copyright
        • 2.4.3. Special note on the right of performance
        • 2.4.4. Special note on moral rights
      • 2.5. Other limitations of the exclusive right
        • 2.5.1. The copying right
        • 2.5.2. The right to quote
        • 2.5.3. Other limitations
      • 2.6. Infringement of the exclusive right by copying
      • 2.7. Duration of copyright
      • 2.8. Related rights
    • 3. Patents
      • 3.1. What qualifies for protection?
        • 3.1.1. The invention concept
        • 3.1.2. Exempt areas
        • 3.1.3. The requirements of novelty and inventive step
      • 3.2. Acquisition of right
      • 3.3. Who qualifies for protection?
      • 3.4. Patent rights
      • 3.5. Special limitations of patents
      • 3.6. Duration of patents
      • 3.7. Revocation of patents
      • 3.8. Cross-border patents
    • 4. Utility models
      • 4.1. The concept
      • 4.2. Acquisition of right
      • 4.3. Scope of the exclusive right
      • 4.4. Duration of the exclusive right
    • 5. Design
      • 5.1. What qualifies for protection?
        • 5.1.1. The design concept
        • 5.1.2. Exempt areas
        • 5.1.3. The fundamental requirements for design protection
      • 5.2. Acquisition of right
      • 5.3. Scope of exclusive right
      • 5.4. Duration of protection
      • 5.5. EU design and international design
    • 6. Semiconductors
    • 7. Trade marks
      • 7.1. What qualifies for protection?
        • 7.1.1. The trade mark concept
        • 7.1.2. The distinctive mark requirement etc.
      • 7.2. Acquisition of right
      • 7.3. Who qualifies for protection?
      • 7.4. Trade mark rights
      • 7.5. Special limitations of trade mark rights
      • 7.6. Infringement of trade mark rights
      • 7.7. Duration
      • 7.8. Details on EU trade marks etc.
      • 7.9. Special note on domain names
    • 8. Special note on know-how
    • 9. Remedies for intellectual property infringement
  • Chapter 12. Marketing and competition law
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The Marketing Practices Act
      • 2.1. Scope of the Act
      • 2.2. The Consumer Ombudsman
      • 2.3. The general clause. General provisions
      • 2.4. The general clause. Application in practice
        • 2.4.1. Disloyal market displacement
        • 2.4.2. Indecent etc. marketing means
        • 2.4.3. Pyramid selling etc.
        • 2.4.4. Unfair contract terms
        • 2.4.5. Hidden advertising
      • 2.5. Misleading and indecent marketing
      • 2.6. Duty to provide directions for use etc.
      • 2.7. Warranties
      • 2.8. Distinctive marks
      • 2.9. Trade secrets
      • 2.10. Marketing prohibition
        • 2.10.1. Direct marketing
        • 2.10.2. So-called ‘sales promotion’
        • 2.10.3. Trading stamps etc.
        • 2.10.4. Invitations to purchase
      • 2.11. Labelling and packaging regulations. Price labelling
      • 2.12. Special note on e-commerce
        • 2.12.1. Scope
        • 2.12.2. The marketing practices requirements posed on the provider
        • 2.12.3. Other rules
      • 2.13. Enforcement
        • 2.13.1. Sanctions
        • 2.13.2. Injunctions and orders
        • 2.13.3. Damages. Invalidity. Remedies for breach of contract
    • 3. The Competition Act
      • 3.1. Introduction. Purpose of the Act
      • 3.2. Scope of the Act
        • 3.2.1. Principal rule on activities covered
        • 3.2.2. Exemption in respect of certain effects of public regulation
        • 3.2.3. Exemption in respect of pay and working conditions
        • 3.2.4. Delimitation as towards EU law
        • 3.2.5. Special note on groups of companies
      • 3.3. Administration of the Act
        • 3.3.1. The Competition Council and the Competition and Consumer Authority
        • 3.3.2. Appeals rules and judicial review
      • 3.4. General meaning and nature of market definition
      • 3.5. The prohibition against anti-competitive agreements etc.
        • 3.5.1. The principal rule contained in s. 6
          • 3.5.1.1. Definition of agreement etc.
          • 3.5.1.2. The restriction-of-competition requirement
          • 3.5.1.3. Examples of prohibited agreements/terms
          • 3.5.1.4. Orders
          • 3.5.1.5. Invalidating factors
        • 3.5.2. The de minimis thresholds contained in s. 7
          • 3.5.2.1. The exclusions in s. 7(1)
          • 3.5.2.2. The modification in s. 7(2)-(3)
        • 3.5.3. Possible exemptions under ss 8 and 10
          • 3.5.3.1. Individual exemption under s. 8
          • 3.5.3.2. Group exemption under s. 10
        • 3.5.4. Negative clearance under s. 9
        • 3.5.5. The practical route through the system
      • 3.6. Prohibition against abuse of dominant position
        • 3.6.1. What is ‘dominant position’?
        • 3.6.2. When is a dominant position ‘abused’?
          • 3.6.2.1. The general substance of the concept of abuse
          • 3.6.2.2. Examples of abuse
        • 3.6.3. Orders. Negative clearance
      • 3.7. Trading terms of dominant undertakings
      • 3.8. Anti-competitive aids
      • 3.9. Special note on mergers
      • 3.10. Enforcement
        • 3.10.1. Orders
        • 3.10.2. Default fines
        • 3.10.3. Criminal sanctions
        • 3.10.4. Damages
    • 4. The EU competition rules in brief
  • Chapter 13. Basic elements of financing law
    • 1. Sources of finance
    • 2. Claims
    • 3. Individual and collective proceedings
    • 4. Liability of several debtors
    • 5. Sole proprietorships and companies
    • 6. Security of credit
    • 7. Acts of perfection
  • Chapter 14. Money claims – contents, termination and enforcement
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Contents
      • 2.1. The debtor’s obligations
        • 2.1.1. Means of payment: Legal tender
        • 2.1.2. Time of payment
        • 2.1.3. Place of payment
        • 2.1.4. Interest
      • 2.2. Breach
        • 2.2.1. The creditor’s right to claim premature payment
        • 2.2.2. Damages
      • 2.3. Claimant’s default
    • 3. Termination by means other than payment
      • 3.1. Waiver
      • 3.2. Set-off
        • 3.2.1. Fungibility (computability)
        • 3.2.2. Maturity
        • 3.2.3. Mutuality
        • 3.2.4. Exclusion of set-off
      • 3.3. Limitation
        • 3.3.1. The Act on Limitations
        • 3.3.2. Other limitation rules
      • 3.4. Barring of claims
    • 4. Enforcement
      • 4.1. Basis of execution
      • 4.2. The procedure
      • 4.3. The subject-matter of execution
      • 4.4. Legal effects of the execution
      • 4.5. Forced sale
  • Chapter 15. Transfer of claims
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The relationship between assignor and assignee
    • 3. Ordinary claims
      • 3.1. The debtor’s defences
      • 3.2. Apparent authority
      • 3.3. Transfer protection
      • 3.4. Invoice and contract discounting
    • 4. Negotiable debt instruments
      • 4.1. The concept
      • 4.2. The document as representing the claim
      • 4.3. Lapse of rights
      • 4.4. Lapse of defences
      • 4.5. Rules of apparent authority
      • 4.6. Transfer protection
    • 5. Investment (book-entry) securities
      • 5.1. The registration system
      • 5.2. Legal effects of registration
        • 5.2.1. Transfer protection
        • 5.2.2. Lapse of rights
        • 5.2.3. Lapse of defences
        • 5.2.4. Authority
        • 5.2.5. Liability in damages
    • 6. Cheques and bills of exchange
      • 6.1. Concepts, terminology and application
      • 6.2. The relationship between drawer and payee
      • 6.3. The relationship between drawer and drawee
      • 6.4. The relationship between payee and drawee
      • 6.5. The obligation in cheques and bills of exchange
      • 6.6. Transfer of cheques and bills of exchange
        • 6.6.1. The negotiability basis
        • 6.6.2. Apparent authority
        • 6.6.3. Lapse of rights
        • 6.6.4. Lapse of defences
        • 6.6.5. The difference between lapse of rights and lapse of defences
      • 6.7. Recourse and protest
  • Chapter 16. Real property – conveyancing and ortgaging
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The registration system
      • 2.1. Sources of law
      • 2.2. The formal rules on registration
        • 2.2.1. Registration authority
        • 2.2.2. Registration basis
        • 2.2.3. The land registry
        • 2.2.4. Registration process
      • 2.3. The legal effects of registration
        • 2.3.1. S. 1 of the Registration of Property Act
        • 2.3.2. S. 27 of the Registration of Property Act
    • 3. Conveyancing of real property
      • 3.1. Sources of law
      • 3.2. Conclusion of the contract
      • 3.3. Real estate intermediary business
      • 3.4. Conveyance – conditional or unconditional (conclusive)
      • 3.5. The obligations of the parties
        • 3.5.1. The vendor’s obligations
        • 3.5.2. The purchaser’s obligations
    • 4. Mortgage rights over real property
      • 4.1. Function
      • 4.2. The relationship between mortgagor and mortgagee
      • 4.3. The relationship between successively created mortgage rights
      • 4.4. Advancement right
      • 4.5. The extent of the mortgage right
  • Chapter 17. Security rights over chattels
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Pledge
      • 2.1. Concept
      • 2.2. The relationship between pledgor and pledgee
      • 2.3. Act of perfection
      • 2.4. Application
    • 3. Mortgage
      • 3.1. Sources of law
      • 3.2. The relationship between mortgagor and mortgagee
      • 3.3. The registration process
      • 3.4. Identification
      • 3.5. Legal effects of registration
      • 3.6. The subject-matter of a registered mortgage right
    • 4. Equipment mortgage rights
      • 4.1. Characteristics
      • 4.2. Requirements of localisation
      • 4.3. Scope and substance of the mortgage right in equipment
      • 4.4. The agricultural holding rule
      • 4.5. Mortgage rights over equipment v. separate rights
    • 5. Retention of title
    • 6. Leasing
  • Chapter 18. Guarantee
    • 1. The concept of guarantee
    • 2. Establishment
    • 3. Reality of the guarantee promise
      • 3.1. Validity of the principal obligation
      • 3.2. The subject-matter of commitment
      • 3.3. Various types of guarantee
    • 4. Termination
      • 4.1. Termination in connection with the principal obligation
      • 4.2. Independent termination of the guarantee obligation
    • 5. Right of recourse
    • 6. Joint guarantors
      • 6.1. Co-guarantee
      • 6.2. Secondary guarantee
  • Chapter 19. Business collapse – liquidation or restructuring
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Reference date
    • 3. Bankruptcy
      • 3.1. Purpose and main principles
      • 3.2. The bankruptcy requirements
        • 3.2.1. Insolvency
        • 3.2.2. Bankruptcy on a creditor’s petition
        • 3.2.3. Bankruptcy on debtor’s petition
      • 3.3. Legal effects of bankruptcy
      • 3.4. The assets in the bankrupt estate
        • 3.4.1. The debtor’s property at the moment of bankruptcy
        • 3.4.2. Debtor’s acquisitions during the bankruptcy
        • 3.4.3. Assets exempt from bankruptcy
      • 3.5. Avoidance
        • 3.5.1. Application and function
        • 3.5.2. Avoidance of creditor preferences
        • 3.5.3. Avoidance of execution
        • 3.5.4. Avoidance of transactions defrauding creditors
      • 3.6. Priority of debts – the liabilities of the estate
        • 3.6.1. Preferential claims
        • 3.6.2. Restructuring claims
        • 3.6.3. Wage and salary privilege
        • 3.6.4. Suppliers’ privilege
        • 3.6.5. The unsecured creditors
        • 3.6.6. The deferred claims
      • 3.7. The legal position of mortgagees
      • 3.8. The administration and closing of the bankrupt estate
    • 4. Restructuring proceedings
      • 4.1. Out-of-court (‘voluntary’) or in-court restructuring proceedings
      • 4.2. The restructuring process
      • 4.3. Content of the restructuring process
      • 4.4. Types of compulsory composition
      • 4.5. The claims in compulsory composition
        • 4.5.1. The non-affected claims
        • 4.5.2. The composition claims
        • 4.5.3. The eliminated claims
        • 4.5.4. The pari passu principle
        • 4.5.5. Business transfer
      • 4.6. Legal effects of the restructuring
    • 5. Debt rescheduling
  • Chapter 20. The legal relationship between employers and employees
    • 1. The employment law and its sources
    • 2. Industrial relations law
      • 2.1. The legal basis
      • 2.2. Resolution of disputes
        • 2.2.1. The lawful means in industrial conflicts
        • 2.2.2. Legal disputes and conflicts of interest
        • 2.2.3. Resolution of conflicts under prevailing collective agreements
        • 2.2.4. Sanctions against violation of collective agreements
        • 2.2.5. Resolution of conflicts in the absence of a collective agreement
    • 3. The legal position in the individual contract of employment
      • 3.1. Introduction
      • 3.2. Formation of the contract of employment
      • 3.3. The duties of the employee
        • 3.3.1. The principal duty
        • 3.3.2. Ancillary duties
      • 3.4. The rights of the employee
        • 3.4.1. Pay and other remuneration
        • 3.4.2. Holiday
        • 3.4.3. Lawful absence etc.
      • 3.5. Normal termination of the contract of employment
        • 3.5.1. Introduction
        • 3.5.2. The reason for termination
        • 3.5.3. The period of notice
        • 3.5.4. Other forms of protection against dismissal
      • 3.6. Termination without notice. Damages
        • 3.6.1. Termination without notice
        • 3.6.2. Damages
    • 4. Different kinds of cooperative relations within the workplace
      • 4.1. The shop steward arrangement
      • 4.2. Information and consultation of employees
      • 4.3. Works councils
      • 4.4. Health and safety representatives
      • 4.5. Employee representatives
  • Chapter 21. Business organisation Company law
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Partnerships
      • 2.1. Introduction
      • 2.2. The relationship between the partners
        • 2.2.1. Capital investment – profits and losses
        • 2.2.2. The ownership of the partnership
        • 2.2.3. Obligations of the partners
        • 2.2.4. Management of the partnership
        • 2.2.5. New partners
      • 2.3. The relationship to third parties
        • 2.3.1. Who may bind the partnership towards third parties?
        • 2.3.2. The liability towards the creditors
          • 2.3.2.1. To the partnership creditors
          • 2.3.2.2. To the individual partner’s creditors (separate creditors)
      • 2.4. Dissolution of a partnership
    • 3. Limited partnerships
    • 4. Jointly owned shipping companies
    • 5. Cooperative societies
    • 6. Funds – independent institutions
    • 7. Limited liability companies
      • 7.1. Introduction
      • 7.2. Formation
      • 7.3. Registration
      • 7.4. Increase of capital
      • 7.5. Reduction of capital – treasury shares – shareholders’ loans
        • 7.5.1. Reduction of capital
        • 7.5.2. Treasury shares
        • 7.5.3. Shareholders’ loans
      • 7.6. Company management
        • 7.6.1. Internal management
        • 7.6.2. Who may bind the company towards third parties?
        • 7.6.3. The general meeting
      • 7.7. Protection of minority interests
      • 7.8. Annual report – dividend – auditors
        • 7.8.1. The annual report
        • 7.8.2. Dividends
        • 7.8.3. Auditing
      • 7.9. Dissolution of companies
        • 7.9.1. Liquidation
        • 7.9.2. Merger
        • 7.9.3. Division (de-merger)
        • 7.9.4. Converting a public limited company into a private limited company – or vice versa
    • 8. Groups
  • Chapter 22. International choice of law and international procedural law
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Background and relevance
    • 3. Sources of law
    • 4. Formation of contract
      • 4.1. Capacity
      • 4.2. Formation of contract and validity
      • 4.3. Agency
    • 5. The Law of non-contractual damages
    • 6. Sale of goods
      • 6.1. The Danish International Sale of Goods Act
      • 6.2. The scope of the Act
        • 6.2.1. Which contracts?
        • 6.2.2. Which legal issues?
      • 6.3. Choice of law rules in the Danish International Sale of Goods Act
        • 6.3.1. Parties’ autonomy
        • 6.3.2. The non-mandatory choice of law rules
        • 6.3.3. Procedure in examination of the goods
    • 7. Other contract relationships
      • 7.1. The Choice of Law Convention
      • 7.2. Scope of the Convention
        • 7.2.1. Which contract relationships?
        • 7.2.2. Which legal issues?
      • 7.3. The choice of law rules in the Convention
        • 7.3.1. Party autonomy
        • 7.3.2. The non-mandatory choice of law rules
        • 7.3.3. Certain consumer contracts
        • 7.3.4. Individual employment contracts
    • 8. International procedural law
      • 8.1. The Brussels I Regulation
        • 8.1.1. The scope etc. of the Regulation
        • 8.1.2. The ordinary jurisdiction rule of the Regulation
        • 8.1.3. Jurisdiction rules in Arts 5-15
        • 8.1.4. Exclusive jurisdiction rules in Art. 22
        • 8.1.5. Jurisdiction agreements
        • 8.1.6. Special note on interim remedies
      • 8.2. Outside the ambit of the Regulation
        • 8.2.1. The main rule
        • 8.2.2. Exceptional jurisdiction
        • 8.2.3. Jurisdiction agreements
        • 8.2.4. Sojourn and goods jurisdiction
    • 9. Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments
      • 9.1. Introduction
      • 9.2. The EU area
        • 9.2.1. Recognition
        • 9.2.2. Enforcement
      • 9.3. Nordic decisions
      • 9.4. Other decisions
    • 10. International arbitration
      • 10.1. The arbitration concept. Legal basis
      • 10.2. Territorial identification of the arbitration: national and international arbitration
      • 10.3. The arbitration agreement
      • 10.4. Choice of law
      • 10.5. Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards
      • 10.6. International commercial arbitration
  • Index

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Danish Business Law (5th Ed.)

Af Bent Iversen og Lars Lindencrone Petersen

Cover til: Danish Business Law (5th Ed.)

5. udgave

9. maj 2012

  • e-ISBN: 9788757495355
  • p-ISBN: 9788757427394
  • Antal sider: 581
  • Bogtype: Lærebog

This book provides a general introduction to a number of central areas in Danish business law. The book is an English language translation of a Danish textbook whose latest edition dates from 2012. The translation aims at enabling foreign readers – whether seeking information on Danish law for practical purposes, in study contexts or for other pur-poses – to get a reasonably broad insight into various parts of Danish law of particular relevance to the business community by means of one single exposition in the field.

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    Cover af Danish Business Law
    Danish Business Law
  • / 5. udg. 2012

Danish Business Law (5th Ed.)

5. udgave - 9. maj 2012

Af Bent Iversen og Lars Lindencrone Petersen

Cover af Danish Business Law (5th Ed.)

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